Portfolios selected the best mix of regionally differentiated scenarios for each of the three implementation levels, but these levels were developed independently for each scenario and their different ranges may affect their ranking. It is advantageous to generalize the existing results so that we can estimate the net change in GHG emissions for any implementation level within the modeled range. Figure 4a shows the dos070 cumulative mitigation potential (default implementation level, high substitution benefits) for each region plotted against the absolute value of the cumulative change in harvested wood (including roundwood and residues) relative to the baseline, and although the regions differed in size and harvesting activity, there was a well-defined relationship for most scenarios. 4b, Additional file 1: Table S7) resulted in very similar regressions, indicating the cumulative mitigation potential could be estimated from the change in harvested wood (relative to the baseline). Slopes from the log–log regressions were close to -1 for the Higher Recovery scenario (between ? 0.5 and ? 1.2 for other scenarios), indicating a 1 MtCO2 increase in cumulative harvested wood in 2070 resulted in a change (relative to the baseline) of ? 1 MtCO2e in cumulative emissions in 2070. The Bioenergy scenario had the greatest variation amongst the regions, which was caused by the degree to which available biomass for bioenergy could meet the local heat demand and substitute high-emissions fossil fuels (See Additional file 2). Normalized net GHG reductions, defined as the net change in cumulative GHG emissions divided by the cumulative change in harvested wood for the Higher Recovery scenario were ? 1 for all implementation levels in most regions, while other scenarios had more regional variability (Additional file 1: Figure S5). For the conservation scenarios, the normalized net GHG reduction was greater for the Harvest Less scenario than for the Restricted Harvest scenario in most regions, indicating that, of the two conservation scenarios, the Harvest Less scenario would have a greater mitigation benefit.
Cumulative net GHG emissions in 2070 compared to the magnitude of the associated cumulative change in harvest C, relative to the baseline, for each region (points) along with linear regressions (lines) for a default scenario implementation level and b all implementation levels, assuming high substitution benefits. 1 MtCO2e) have been excluded. LLP stands for Longer-Lived Products
Financial and you will socio-economic analyses
Dining table step three summarizes the fresh provincial yearly average cost affects with the entire period for everybody situations therefore the domestic profile in default circumstance execution top. Prices for most of the execution accounts are given from inside the Fig. 3b and given during the A lot more document step 1: Table S18.
Brief collective net emissions (smaller compared to ? 0
In terms of individual scenarios, the Restricted Harvest and Harvest Less scenarios have the lowest mitigation costs ($20–$30 per tCO2e), but in terms of socio-economic impacts, there were significant reductions in jobs (Fig. 3c), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and government revenue (Table 4, Additional file 1: Table S19). The Harvest Residues for Bioenergy, Higher Recovery plus Harvest Residues for Bioenergy, and Longer-Lived Products (LLP) scenarios indicated moderate mitigation costs ($94–$126 per tCO2e). The Higher Recovery scenario with low substitution benefits had positive socio-economic impacts, but indicated the highest mitigation cost ($272 per tCO2e) due to limited mitigation potential. The Higher Recovery scenario had the greatest cost per tonne difference between the low and high substitution benefits, reflecting the significant difference in mitigation potentials depending on how the incremental harvest was used.
Conditions associated with bioenergy got extremely high socio-financial influences just like the bioenergy manufacturing off harvest residues are a new business and you can generated ample money.
Modifying happening execution level had little impact on the price for each and every tonnes into the maintenance scenarios, considering the proportional changes in total price and you may cumulative minimization, but it significantly affected the cost for each and every tonne inside the bioenergy situations since the switching the degree of accumulated assemble deposits inspired bioenergy studio alternatives and you will https://datingranking.net/hairy-women-dating/ avoided fossil fuel. Apart from conservation circumstances, per circumstance increased perform, but the LLP scenario resulted in losses within the GDP and you may regulators cash given that pulp and report industry is a great deal more capital intensive and less labour intensive as compared to wood production. The price for each tonne beliefs to own home-based profiles are among the lower, with minimal distinctions ranging from execution account and you can substitution professionals (A lot more document step one: Dining table S18).